1. Discuss the relationship between data, information, and knowledge. Support your discussion with at least 3 academically reviewed articles.The data, information, and knowledge are successively progressive relationships, representing the transformation process of people’s cognition. Data refers to raw material, which represents objective things. And by analyzing a large amount of data, we can extract information from it and help us make decisions. The words of Shannon, the founder of information theory, are “information is the thing used to eliminate the uncertainty of randomness.” When people have a lot of information, we summarize and summarize the information, and systematize it to form knowledge and write it on books. Therefore, we open the textbook to learn knowledge.2. Why do organization have information deficiency problem? Suggest ways on how to overcome information deficiency problem.Since information is from the analysis of a huge amount of data, if there is information deficiency problem, mostly the problem roots in data analysis or data itself. Poor quality of data: There are not all of the data the information system needs, only part of the whole set. Or the data cannot be updated into the system timely. For this problem, the IT manager should carry out survey and the IS requirment analysis at the beginning phase of the IS project.Poor analysis model/tool: The systems only provide the data integrating and the report view, lack of analysis tool to really utilize the data set. Technology of Machine learning and data mining should be used in the organization information system to enhance the accuracy and reduce the information deficiency.
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